Thyroid disorders, although commonly associated with adults, can also affect children. The thyroid gland plays a crucial role in regulating various bodily functions, including metabolism and growth. When thyroid disorders occur in children, they can have a significant impact on their overall health and development. When thyroid disorders occur in children, they require specialized care and attention.
Types
Hypothyroidism: Hypothyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland fails to produce enough thyroid hormones. This condition can lead to a slowdown in the child’s metabolic rate and overall growth. Hypothyroidism in children can be congenital (present at birth) or acquired later in life.
Hyperthyroidism: Hyperthyroidism, on the other hand, refers to an overactive thyroid gland that produces excessive thyroid hormones. This condition can accelerate the child’s metabolic rate and affect growth and development.
Recognizing Thyroid Disorders in Children
- Delayed Growth and Development: One of the hallmark signs of thyroid disorders in children is delayed growth and development. Children may exhibit slower height and weight gain compared to their peers.
- Changes in Weight: Thyroid disorders can impact a child’s weight. In the case of hypothyroidism, children may experience unexplained weight gain, while hyperthyroidism can lead to weight loss despite an increased appetite.
- Energy and Fatigue: Children with thyroid disorders may exhibit extreme fatigue or lack of energy. They may tire easily, even with minimal physical activity.
- Changes in Mood and Behavior: Thyroid imbalances can affect a child’s mood and behavior. They may experience irritability, mood swings, anxiety, or difficulty concentrating.
- Heart Rate and Blood Pressure: Hyperthyroidism can cause an increased heart rate and elevated blood pressure in children. Parents should be aware of any unusual heart-related symptoms such as palpitations or chest pain.
- Changes in Bowel Habits: Thyroid disorders can also affect bowel movements. Children with hypothyroidism may experience constipation, while those with hyperthyroidism may have frequent bowel movements or diarrhea.
Treatment and Management
The treatment of thyroid disorders in children depends on the specific condition and its severity. Treatment options may include:
- Medication: For hypothyroidism, children are often prescribed synthetic thyroid hormone replacements to normalize hormone levels. Medications to manage symptoms or suppress thyroid function may be used for hyperthyroidism.
- Radioactive Iodine Therapy: In cases of severe hyperthyroidism, radioactive iodine therapy may be recommended to reduce the activity of the thyroid gland.
- Surgery: In some cases, surgical removal of the thyroid gland (thyroidectomy) may be necessary, particularly for certain types of thyroid disorders or when other treatments are ineffective.
Conclusion
Thyroid disorders in children can significantly impact their growth, development, and overall well-being. By recognizing the signs and symptoms early on, parents and caregivers can seek appropriate medical attention. Timely diagnosis and management by pediatric healthcare professionals can help children with thyroid disorders lead healthy and fulfilling lives. When thyroid disorders occur in children, they require specialized care and attention. parents can contact Dr. Vishesh Dikshit, a renowned pediatric surgeon in pune.
About Dr.Vishesh Dikshit
Dr. Vishesh Dikshit graduated from Govt. Medical College, Calicut, Kerala, in 2004 with an MBBS degree in medicine. In 2012, he received an MS in General Surgery from Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College in Sion, Mumbai, and in 2015, he received an MCh in Pediatric Surgery from Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College in Sion, Mumbai.